Nutrition Before and After Joint Replacement Surgery

Why Nutrition Matters

Nutrition plays a critical but often underappreciated role in surgical recovery. Adequate protein, vitamins and minerals are essential for tissue repair, immune function, and bone healing. Research consistently shows that patients with better nutritional status before surgery have fewer complications, shorter hospital stays, and faster functional recovery.

Before Surgery

Protein is the most important nutrient for surgical recovery. Aim for 1.2–1.5g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day in the weeks leading up to surgery. Good sources include chicken, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes, and protein supplements if needed.

Iron is important if you are anaemic prior to surgery. Discuss with your GP whether iron supplementation is appropriate.

Vitamin D is essential for bone health and is commonly deficient in Australians. Supplementation is often recommended, particularly for joint replacement patients.

Weight management, if you are overweight, even a small reduction in weight before surgery reduces anaesthetic risk and improves outcomes.

Fasting Before Surgery

You will be instructed to fast (no food or drink) for a specified period before your anaesthetic. Follow your surgeon’s and anaesthetist’s specific instructions carefully. Most anaesthetic departments allow clear fluids up to 2 hours before surgery.

After Surgery — In Hospital

Early nutrition after surgery accelerates recovery. Start with light, easily digestible foods as tolerated in the first 24 hours, then progress to a normal diet. Aim for protein-rich meals at every meal, protein needs remain elevated during the healing phase.

After Surgery — At Home

Continue a protein-rich diet for 6–8 weeks post-operatively. Ensure adequate calcium (1200mg/day for over-50s) and vitamin D (at least 600–800 IU/day). Stay well-hydrated. Avoid excessive alcohol. Iron supplementation may be recommended if significant blood loss occurred during surgery.

Further Reading

Dr Liew has written in more detail about this topic on his own site: nutrition and joint replacement.