Why Is Stabilisation Surgery Needed?
After a traumatic shoulder dislocation, the anterior labrum and inferior glenohumeral ligament are torn, a Bankart lesion. Without surgical repair, the labrum heals with residual laxity, making re-dislocation likely. Young, active patients and those with significant anatomical disruption are at highest risk of recurrence.
Bankart Repair
Arthroscopic Bankart repair is the gold-standard procedure for shoulder stabilisation. The torn labrum is reattached to the glenoid rim using small suture anchors, and the inferior glenohumeral ligament is tightened. This is performed through two or three small portals around the shoulder under general anaesthetic.
Latarjet Procedure
In patients with significant glenoid bone loss (bony Bankart lesion), or in those who have failed previous soft tissue repair, a Latarjet procedure is recommended. A small piece of the coracoid process (with its attached conjoint tendon) is transferred to the front of the glenoid, increasing the depth of the socket and providing a sling effect against dislocation. This is performed through a small open incision.
Recovery
After Bankart repair, the arm is in a sling for 4–6 weeks. Passive range of motion begins early; active movement at 6 weeks; strengthening at 3 months; sport-specific training at 4–6 months; return to full contact sport at 6–9 months. A structured physiotherapy program with a focus on rotator cuff and periscapular strengthening is essential.